Auditing And Accounting: Business

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Why Accounting In MBA Is A Coveted Specialization Program?

Accounting MBA is a popular as well as profitable management label career in the present corporate world. These days, increasing number of students are opting for a career in accounting and people, already in this stream, are looking forward to develop their skills by enrolling into different professional courses.

In such a scenario, accounting MBA is the perfect choice for people who want to create their own identity in this sector. In fact, it is the ideal way to build a successful career in accounting administration. The accounting MBA program also has many other related career fields such as financial management, accounting, accounting administration, etc.

Different Branches of Accounting MBA and their Functions in Business Organizations:

Accounting is related to the service activities of an organization that are principally related to finance and economic entities. The function of accounting executives is to provide useful information that is crucial for making financial decision and making reasoned decisions from diverse courses of actions. Different branches of accounting have different purposes in the business organizations.

For instance, financial accounting is one branch of accounting that is primarily related to process financial information on how businesses are recorded, summarized, classified, interpreted and communicated. Management accounting, basically, deals with the information used within an organization that is accessible only to the authorities. Tax accounting is the field related to accounting management of an organization that complies with the authorities of tax regulations.

Scope of Accounting MBA:

The huge demand of skilled and trained professionals in the field of accounting make the program a popular career options for many job aspirants. The program can create many opportunities for people who are in the field and want to grow with their skills. Individuals with professional qualification in accounting MBA have various opportunities for working as managers.

Accounting managers are high in demand in every organization and in every industry. A degree in accounting MBA can widen your scope to bag better jobs with hefty salaries even in recession period. The designations of an executive with accounting MBA degree may vary anything from accounting manager, corporate controller, chief financial officer, cash manager to management consultants.

How Can Accounting MBA Programs Help you?

Accounting managers in the corporate sectors are responsible for tax reporting and management, and developing income statements. The professional accountants in the public accounting companies perform the job of independent audit or tax consultants. An accounting MBA program offers you the exact coursework required to manage the accounting needs of an organization.

The MBA colleges in India provide strategically developed programs that cater to the need of business organizations in different industries. The programs in the B-schools include learning financial assessment and reporting, planning, implementation, tax management and risk management. Completion of accounting MBA program helps you develop detailed and practical learning about the business organization.

These days, recruiters are in dire need of managers who are dynamic and comfortable with working in areas such as marketing, finance and management. A career in accounting MBA can give you extensive opportunities to meet the demands of the recruiters.

Visit BMAIndia.com for further details.

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The author is a lecturer of business management; working in India with a business school. He writes frequently in business magazines to help students of management; he also has several years of industry experience behind him. Check Accounting MBA for more information.

Pursuing a Career in Accounting

Accountants are the people who are delegated the responsibility of auditing and accounting the financial activities of a business. Some of the accounting activities they undertake include payroll, tax compliance, overseeing books and others. If you believe that you are good with numbers, then consider taking accounting courses. It could just be the start of a lucrative and an exciting career path.

Accounting courses include a study of the all aspects of accounting including auditing, cost accounting and such topics as corporate and individual taxation. It will also be necessary to hone one’s skills in the use of accounting information systems. If you are thinking of a career in this direction, it will require you undertake a four-year degree or even more to be a certified public accountant. Today however, there are many accounting courses online programs that allow you to take even one or two years of online account coursework and get you ready for a para-professional accounting position in either taxation or in auditing.

One of the accounting courses that are available is book keeping. This involves keeping track of financial records that includes such things as debited and credited accounts and updating the company’s general ledger. Book keeping is essential since it ensures that the trial balance document balances with the debit and credit balance accounts. Before the company’s account can prepare any financial statements, these two documents must tally. Book keeping also involves keeping track and preparation of invoices and the updating of inventory accounts.

Another of the accounting courses available is a specialized branch of accounting called financial accounting. This coursework allows one to keep track of a company’s financial transactions. These transactions are then summarized and presented in a financial statement. Financial statements are usually issued on a routine schedule and are considered external since they are widely circulated among the primary as well as the secondary recipients. These statements provide enough information to help others assess the value of a company.

Other accounting courses include payroll accounting, managerial and cost accounting. Payroll accounting courses include the study of payroll-related accounts such as salaries, wages, bonuses, social security costs, state income taxation among others. Since payroll accounting includes items that are subject to state and federal laws, a study of certain laws is necessary as part of the accounting courses. There are many online accounting courses being offered and many organizations recognize them just as traditional certifications. Check out what they have to offer and you may just be on the road to an exciting career in accounting.

Author Resource:- p>Gary has been writing articles for about 6 months now. If the subject is something he likes, he writes about it. You can also check out his latest website on Water Cooler Dispensers

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Forensic Accounting The Detective Breed of Accounting Careers

When you ask people to give you a list of exciting careers, accounting is never near the top. The accounting career field tends to draw the sedentary folks: steady, analytical types who value security above all else. You're basically there to keep the wheels of business turning; a plumber directing the flow of money instead of water.

However, the growing shape of the global business market and the scandals wracking the business world have highlighted the increasing need for a rare breed of accountant; the forensic accountant is either an internal or external auditor who is brought in to investigate the scene of a fraud, bankruptcy, securities scandal, or other conflicted situation and prepare a report identifying what happened. It is called a forensic function primarily because it's results can be used in a court of law.

What's the job like?

There are actually many scenarios in which a forensic accountant might be needed: disputes and litigation, insurance claims, personal injury claims, construction audits, insurance fraud, royalty audits, or Wall Street scandals are some of the specialties in this field. Most accounting firms have a cabinet of forensic accounting specialists. These people are sent in the aftermath of a fraud to assess if the numbers in the books reflect reality, and if not, then identify what's really going on.

A forensic accountant does not have the luxury of being able to disregard anything that doesn't happen on a spreadsheet. They have to take the big picture into account, dealing with the whole reality of the business situation. A forensic accounting procedure will usually include investigating and analyzing financial evidence, using computerized applications to present the financial evidence, delivering the findings in the form of reports, collecting and exhibiting documents, and perhaps testifying in court as an expert witness. In addition to knowledge of accounting, a forensic accountant must also be familiar with legal concepts and procedures.

The two sides of forensic accounting - investigation and litigation support, break down into several smaller steps:

In the investigation, you might review the situation and suggest possible courses of action, assist with the protection and recovery of assets, and work hand-in-hand with private investigators, forensic document examiners, and consultants. People may lie. The books may be cooked. Keep your eyes open!

During litigation support, you may be responsible for providing the documentation necessary to support or refute a claim, presenting the initial assessment of the case identifying areas of loss, assisting with the examination for discovery, reviewing the testimony, reviewing the opposing expert's report, and assist with the settlement discussions and negotiations. Attorneys and witnesses may contradict you. You might have to keep digging deeper into a cover-up. Most of all, you will have to convince one judge and twelve jurors that you're the right person to be testifying about the case.

By no means are forensic accountants confined to an office or a courtroom. There are a wide range of industries which retain the services of a forensic accountant. Matrimonial disputes, in which a divorce proceeding needs mediation to verify the state of disputed assets, is one area you might not expect. Other scenarios might be investigating claims of business negligence, or personal injury claims.

Business economic loss investigations might cover expropriations, product liability claims, trademark and patent infringements and losses stemming from a breach of a non-competition agreement. The growing technology industry is an example of an expanding need for services relating to product liability claims and patent infringements. It's easy to show whether or not a car's defects could lead to an accident, but how would you prove that the bugs in a computer operating system led to the loss of assets when the business which used it was hacked? It's easy to show that a competitor copied your patented design for your camera, but how exactly do you defend a patent on a cursor?

A forensic accountant combines the skills of a record-keeper, paralegal, and a detective rolled into one. To be good at it, you have to have a good dose of curiosity, persistence, creativity, and discretion. You'll need sound professional judgment and confidence that you know your job so well that your knowledge and discoveries will stand up under cross-examination. Companies will live or die and defendants may go to prison based on the work that you do, so you are challenged to be at your best. It is the most challenging of accounting careers.

Some facts about Business Fraud Detection:

Small businesses are the most vulnerable to occupational fraud and abuse. Larger businesses will have a broad number of employees preventing losses and performing internal audits, while smaller companies are more trusting of their own employees.

Surprisingly, the average fraud at a small company nets more money than the average fraud at a large company! This is due to the fact that there are fewer people watching and less control over who has access to the bookkeeping. Put yourself in the place of a start-up entrepreneur: Starting your own business already requires you to work so hard that you might as well be three people already. You won't have the time to check up on every action of everybody you hire when your business is small. You have no choice but to start out with a handful of people you trust, and hope you can go on trusting them!

Companies with fraud hotlines or other ways to report anonymous tips tend to cut their fraud losses by a flat fifty percent. And more frauds are uncovered by anonymous tips than any other source. As a fraud investigation accountant, you may have to rely on the occasional "deep throat". If you have someone tipping you off to a shady practice, you will need to be sure that the information is detailed enough to give you a good lead.

Losses due to an employed perpetrator aged 50 and above are usually much higher than the losses caused by an employee in their 20's or 30's. This is obvious considering that older employees have obtained a higher level of trust and responsibility within a company. In addition, an employee nearing retirement feels that they have less risk, since they may be out the door by the time their fraud is discovered.

BlueWaterArticles.com: - Forensic Accounting The Detective Breed of Accounting Careers

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Why Financial Accounting is Neither Simple Nor Precise

Financial accounting strives to answer two basic questions: how did the business do last year, and what did the business own and owe at the end of the year? The answers to these questions are summarized in two basic statements, the income statement and the balance sheet.

If you have even a passing knowledge of business and economics, answering these questions might not seem that difficult. In fact, determining a firm's economic performance and condition often is very difficult. Unfortunately, financial statements rarely are able to give completely definitive and precise answers to what seem to be simple economic questions. Why would this be so?

Accounting's measurement problems derive primarily from three factors. First, it is difficult to pin down exact criteria for measuring economic performance and economic condition. Second, accounting uses money as its fundamental measurement unit, and money's unit value is not stable over time. Third, accounting rule makers have to allow for the fact that business managers often are motivated to distort economic reality rather than reflect it accurately.

What is Economic Performance and Economic Condition?

In terms of economic performance, our simplest criterion for doing well surely involves looking at cash flows. A business does well if it brings in more cash than it spends and vice versa. But for all but the very simplest of businesses such a measurement approach can be very problematic. Negative cash flow is not necessarily equivalent to poor economic performance and vice versa. Because of these problems, accountants have had to develop a more abstract concept of economic profitability, which creates its own problems.

Accounting encounters even more difficulty in trying to pin down a firm's economic condition. To determine economic condition we want to find out about a firm's assets and their values. But there is more than one standard of value. Should accountants use current market values for assets owned or the original cost incurred to acquire them? Rarely are these values the same and there are advantages and disadvantages to both standards.

There also is legitimate controversy about what should be counted as assets on the balance sheet. For example, should the value of personnel or intangible assets, such as patents, trademarks and goodwill, be measured and included? If so, how do we measure their value?

Money: Accounting's Unstable Measurement Unit

In accounting the unit of measurement is money. Money is a medium of exchange that has value only to the extent that it can be traded for goods and services. But, money is not a stable unit of measurement, because its exchange value varies with time. What one dollar buys today in goods and services is almost never the same as what that same dollar purchased last year or will purchase two years from now.

The practical ramifications of this instability of money as a measuring unit are pervasive. If a company had net income last year of $100,000, was its economic performance the same as it was five years ago when its income statement also showed a $100,000 net income? Decidedly not, if the purchasing power of the dollar changed significantly in the intervening five years.

Questions about economic condition are also affected by the instability of money as a measurement unit. For example, consider two companies each with $800,000 of assets and $500,000 of liabilities. In the case of one company, all its debt must be repaid within one year, while the other company's debt does not have to be repaid for ten years. Are the economic conditions of the companies the same? Again, decidedly not, because the purchasing power of the dollar will change over the next ten years.

Accounting rule makers have struggled greatly with the questions of how and when these changes in the value of money should be reflected.

Measurement Error: Management's Motivation for Mendacity

Measurement error is unavoidable. But it would be nice if we could assume that almost everybody involved in the accounting measurement process was highly motivated to avoid errors. Sadly, this is not the case, because business managers often wish to avoid accurate measurements if such accuracy would lead to significant damage to their career and finances. Facing such ruin, managers will be strongly tempted to avoid fair and accurate measurements. Managers will seek to "cook the books".

There are two important ramifications for accounting stemming from this motivational bias. First, in order for financial reports to have any credibility at all, they have to be verified by independent auditors. This is an expensive and often imperfect process. Second, in formulating accounting rules, the rule makers have to carefully consider how any proposed measurement procedures might be subverted by managers intent on providing a skewed view of economic performance or condition. The practical consequence is that the accounting rules that might be most logical and simple are often not adopted because these rules also tend to be the easiest ones for managers to distort.

Author Resource:- Michael Sack Elmaleh is a Certified Public Accountant and Certified Valuation Analyst. His book, "Financial Accounting: A Mercifully Brief Introduction", has received wide critical acclaim. He has nearly 30 years of accounting and 10 years of teaching experience.His web site is understand-accounting.net

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Accounts: Reviews on Basic Principals and Personal Accounting

With accounting, if everyone involved in the process of accounting followed their own system, or no system at all, there's be no way to truly tell whether a company was profitable or not. Most companies follow what are called generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, and there are huge tomes in libraries and bookstores devoted to just this one topic. Unless a company states otherwise, anyone reading a financial statement can make the assumption that company has used GAAP.

GAAP is the gold standard for preparing financial statement. Not disclosing that it has used principles other than GAAP makes a company legally liable for any misleading or misunderstood data. These principles have been fine-tuned over decades and have effectively governed accounting methods and the financial reporting systems of businesses. Different principles have been established for different types of business entities, such for-profit and not-for-profit companies, governments and other enterprises.

GAAP's in accounting are not cut and dried. However they're guidelines, and as such are often open to interpretation. They are estimates have to be made at times, and they require good faith efforts towards accuracy. You've surely heard the phrase "creative accounting" and this is when a company pushes the envelope a little (or a lot) to make their business look more profitable than it might actually be. This is also called massaging the numbers. This can get out of control and quickly turn into accounting fraud, which is also called cooking the books. The results of these practices can be devastating and ruin hundreds and thousands of lives, as in the cases of Enron, Rite Aid and others.

Personal accounting

On personal accounting, you balance your checkbook to note any charges in your checking account that you haven't recorded in your checkbook. Some of these can include ATM fees, overdraft fees, special transaction fees or low balance fees, if you're required to keep a minimum balance in your account. You also balance your checkbook to record any credits that you haven't noted previously. They might include automatic deposits, or refunds or other electronic deposits. Your checking account might be an interest-bearing account and you want to record any interest that it's earned.

Income - any money you've earned from working or owning assets, unless there are specific exemptions from income tax.

Standard deduction - some personal expenditures or business expenses can be deducted from your income to reduce the taxable amount of income. These expenses include items such as interest paid on your home mortgage, charitable contributions and property taxes.

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Forensic Accounting The Detective Breed of Accounting Careers

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Figuring Out an Accounting Career

What You Can Count On: Job Security
For the 2007 fiscal year, Microsoft reported an annual revenue of $51.2 billion. Behind any company's revenue numbers--big or small--are accountants and financial managers who balance the books. In 2002, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act added further scrutiny to corporate procedures. Between government regulations and the thousands of companies that need to manage finances, the immediate benefit of a career in accounting is a reasonable amount of job security. Additionally, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) predicts strong growth for accountants and auditors through 2016.

What You Can Take to the Bank: Strong Earnings
Another benefit for an accountant is that the median annual salary for accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services is $57,020. Going further into the financial services industry, you could become a financial manager for a major corporation and earn in the neighborhood of $105,410 a year according to the BLS. You can also work your way up the corporate ladder to financial director, corporate controller, or even chief financial officer (CFO).

What Education You Need: Accounting Degree and Certification
A college degree and certification are almost essential for advancement and a long term career in accounting. A bachelor's degree in accounting or a finance related topic is a solid start, and earning a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) credential furthers your employability prospects. You can even take it a step-further by earning a specialized certification such as a Certified Management Accountant (CMA), Certified Internal Auditor (CIA), Accredited Tax Advisor (ATA), or other credential. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants reports on a survey finding that candidates with a professional certification can earn 10% more than other accountants. A graduate degree can also help you stand out from the crowd.

If keeping track of the nickels and dimes is your passion, then accounting may be what you can count on for a career.

About the Author: Kelli Smith is the senior editor for www.Edu411.org. Edu411.org lists colleges and career institutes that offer Accounting programs and CPA training. Schools listed offer free information packages and admissions consultation.

Earning an Accounting Degree Can Now Be Done Online

Obtaining a college education is a breeze these days. With online courses that provide so much convenience, students are no longer burdened by driving, walking and waking up early to attend classes in a traditional school. Many people are not amenable to pursuing an online degree program because they believe that online degree programs are not as good as traditional ones. They should know that these online courses do offer the same extensive instruction and training that the brick and mortar schools give to students.

One in-demand degree course that can be pursued through an online program is accounting. Accounting deals mostly with numbers, notably in measuring and communicating vital financial information involved in transactions. There are actually various types of accounting and these include auditing, bookkeeping, cost accounting, management accounting, financial accounting, social accounting, forensic accounting as well as public, internal and external accounting.

An online accounting program covers a wide range of topics but generally, these are auditing, accountancy methods and fields, accounting principles, concepts and conventions, individual and corporate taxation as well as accounting tools.

The main objective of an accounting course is to provide students with the proper knowledge of these different aspects of accounting as well as in technical accounting and prepare them for their professional certification exams.

Students have two options for using this online accounting program. They can choose to earn an associate degree in accounting which takes two years to complete or a four-year bachelor’s degree. An advanced program in accounting can be pursued by working professionals who have earned a bachelor’s degree but who wish to earn a master’s degree and advance their career.

Online courses are not only convenient but also very flexible, and are accredited by the proper agencies so students can expect to get their money’s worth. The flexibility these online programs offer is also an added bonus, as it allows students and even working professionals pursuing formal and advanced education to learn at their own pace and time. Besides the fresh high school graduates, professionals working in the banking, financial management, insurance, investing and information technology can also greatly benefit from this program.

A career in accounting is one of the most secure and high-earning jobs that you can get today and continues to be in great demand worldwide. The National Association of Colleges and Employers revealed that in 2005 alone, new accountants with a bachelor’s degree in accounting received record breaking starting salaries. Major accounting firms are also continuously hiring thousands of accounting graduates each year to increase their staff amid a recession.

On the other hand, the certified public accountants (CPAs) have the chance to advance their career by pursuing specialized fields. They can expect to land in lucrative jobs with great signing bonuses and salaries. Authorities in the field of accounting see a good future for aspiring accountants as the existing CPAs approach or reach their age of retirement in the next 10 to 15 years. This then gives new accountants better opportunities to advance their career. In fact, a 2008 survey by Trendlines showed that more than one-third or 36 percent of CPA firms in the U.S. will be increasing their workforce in one year’s time.

About the Author: Potomac College offers a Bachelor’s Degree in Accounting. This is an opportunity to learn an advanced program in accounting who wish to earn a master’s degree and advance their career. You can finish your program of studies quickly and receive the career training. Apply now!

Accounting Programs

There was a time when small businesses, especially mom and pop stores could get away without maintaining accounts of any sort. In fact, the sole reason why they were classified as mom and pop stores were because the business was run in an ad hoc manner. But with increasing number of people opting for small businesses and the entrepreneurial initiatives being fostered by governments worldwide, these businesses to have come to represent a large part of the gross domestic produce of countries worldwide. This is where the need for complete accountings programs surfaced and which is why, it has become a big issues for all businesses.

There are various accounting programs structured to cater to the needs of all kinds of businesses. While the smaller stores use standalone accounting programs and smaller, single user license versions of the more popular accounting programs; the larger stores need to use a comprehensive suite of accounting programs. Be that as it may, the fact remains that all businesses, large or small, need to use accounting programs of some sort in order to streamline their operations and to comply with governmental regulations.

One of the simplest accounting programs available in the market today is Microsoft Money. While most computers bought in the United States of America come pre loaded with this accounting program, it is applicable only for personal finance calculations or maybe small business needs. But as accounting programs go, it is fairly well designed to cater to the needs of smaller businesses. Which explains its popularity in terms of number of users who use it as their primary accounting program.

A slightly more evolved accounting program is something that has come to be branded and sold as Tally. Like the name reveals, this is an accounting program that caters to the needs of smaller businesses, where the accounting operation is primarily a function that tallies stock (either available or sold) with the cash available in the machines at the counter. That's not all. An accounting program like Tally comes with a customizable interface making it scalable for a variety of business operations. So smaller businesses even in the services sector are able to use it to streamline their processes.

Today, the wide array of accounting programs available in the market make it easier for businesses not only to organize themselves, but also to comply with local, national and global requirements. Every business thus can adopt and deploy the best practices that make globalization beneficial to one and all.

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The Nitty-Gritty Of Accounting

Accounting is as ancient as man's attempts to transact with fellow human beings. With the predominance of money measurement in economically useful activities, accounting became the most vital tool. At the center of all accounting principles is the urge to ensure accuracy and consistency. This takes the form of double entry system of accounting. The 15th century Italian mathematician, Frater Luca Pacioli, first extolled about the features of the system.

Double entry method offers a convenient and accurate format for recording transactions. Put simply, all transactions have two aspects. Therefore, omissions or numerical errors would automatically stand out. Thus, it acts as a self-correcting mechanism.

The basic aspects of accounting relate to correct classification of transactions. There are four major accounting heads: assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. At any given point of time, the firm's assets should equal its liabilities. This is the accounting equation. If they do not match, there is an apparent error in the accounting process.

The enterprise's assets represent the productive resources used by it. Plant and Machinery, building, stock of raw materials and stores, debtors or accounts receivables, cash and bank balances are some of the assets. Liabilities are the sources that finance the assets. Owner's capital, long-term loans, short-term bills, sundry creditors and other financing are the liabilities.

When revenues exceed expenses, the firm makes a profit and in the reverse it is a loss. Ultimately, profit or loss reflects in the financial position or the values of assets and liabilities on the given date. An increase in assets or decrease in liabilities means profit and decrease in assets or increase in liabilities mean loss.

Profit is the driver in any business enterprise and no wonder entrepreneurs seek to maximize it. More critical than profit is the measure of profitability because the latter reveals the firm's efficiency in utilization of financial resources. Return on Investment is the most common profitability ratio. The claim over profits of a business depends on the organizational type. In ownership or partnership firms, the owner or partners have total claim over the profit. In joint stock companies, the stockholders are entitled only to the dividend as declared by the board of directors.

The work of an accountant is crucial as he reports the performance of the enterprise to the management and the owners. Based on the figures supplied by him, important decisions like capacity expansion, make or buy, retaining or hiving off unprofitable lines of business and employee incentive computation are taken.

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What is accounting fraud?

Accounting fraud is a deliberate and improper manipulation of the recording of sales revenue and/or expenses in order to make a company's profit performance appear better than it actually is. Some things that companies do that can constitute fraud are:

--Not listing prepaid expenses or other incidental assets
--Not showing certain classifications of current assets and/or liabilities
--Collapsing short- and long-term debt into one amount.

Over-recording sales revenue is the most common technique of accounting fraud. A business may ship products to customers that they haven't ordered, knowing that those customers will return the products after the end of the year. Until the returns are made, the business records the shipments as if they were actual sales. Or a business may engage in channel stuffing. It delivers products to dealers or final customers that they really don't want, but business makes deals on the side that provide incentives and special privileges if the dealers or customers don't object to taking premature delivery of the products. A business may also delay recording products that have been returned by customers to avoid recognizing these offsets against sales revenue in the current year

The other way a business commits accounting fraud is by under-recording expenses, such as not recording depreciation expense. Or a business may choose not to record all of its cost of goods sold expense fore the sales made during a period. This would make the gross margin higher, but the business's inventory asset would include products that actually are not in inventory because they've been delivered to customers.

A business might also choose not to record asset losses that should be recognized, such as uncollectible accounts receivable, or it might not write down inventory under the lower of cost or market rule. A business might also not record the full amount of the liability for an expense, making that liability understated in the company's balance sheet. Its profit, therefore, would be overstated.

How is accounting used in business?

It might seem obvious, but in managing a business, it's important to understand how the business makes a profit. A company needs a good business model and a good profit model. A business sells products or services and earns a certain amount of margin on each unit sold. The number of units sold is the sales volume during the reporting period. The business subtracts the amount of fixed expenses for the period, which gives them the operating profit before interest and income tax.

It's important not to confuse profit with cash flow. Profit equals sales revenue minus expenses. A business manager shouldn't assume that sales revenue equals cash inflow and that expenses equal cash outflows. In recording sales revenue, cash or another asset is increased. The asset accounts receivable is increased in recording revenue for sales made on credit. Many expenses are recorded by decreasing an asset other than cash. For example, cost of goods sold is recorded with a decrease to the inventory asset and depreciation expense is recorded with a decrease to the book value of fixed assets. Also, some expenses are recorded with an increase in the accounts payable liability or an increase in the accrued expenses payable liability.

Remember that some budgeting is better than none. Budgeting provides important advantages, like understanding the profit dynamics and the financial structure of the business. It also helps for planning for changes in the upcoming reporting period. Budgeting forces a business manager to focus on the factors that need to be improved to increase profit. A well-designed management profit and loss report provides the essential framework for budgeting profit. It's always a good idea to look ahead to the coming year. If nothing else, at least plug the numbers in your profit report for sales volume, sales prices, product costs and other expense and see how your projected profit looks for the coming year.

How is accounting used in business?

Quasar software

Accounting has become more and more complex as have the businesses that use accounting functions. Fortunately, there are several excellent software packages that can help you manage this important function. Quasar is one such package.

All versions of Quasar offer comprehensive inventory controls. In its most basic use, the inventory module allows a business owner to track the locations and quantities of all inventory items. Additionally, the inventory capabilities go beyond simple record-keeping. Manufacturers and wholesalers can assemble kits using component items; whenever a kit is assembled, the inventory representing its component items are adjusted accordingly. Items can be grouped into various categories and the groups can be nested many levels deep. Vendor purchase orders can be generated for items whose quantities are below a preset level. Costs and selling prices for items can be set and discounted in a myriad of different ways. Finally, these items can be reported upon to show such things as profits, margins, and sales per item.

Sales and purchasing are another strength of Quasar. Customer quotes can be easily converted to invoices to be paid. Promotions can be created and discounts can be given based on date, customer, or store location. Margins can be reported upon for traits such as individual items, individual customers, or individual salesperson. Likewise, a purchase order can be created and converted to a vendor invoice, which can be paid in a number of different ways, including printing a check. Quasar can keep track of miscellaneous fees such as container deposits, freight charges, and franchise fees.

The intelligent design of Quasar's user interface allows for quick and easy data entry. Some programs you may encounter are not optimized for keyboard use. These programs require you to move your hand to the mouse to select frequently needed options. While some of Quasar's menu options are only mouse-accessible, the bulk of Quasar's user interface is designed in such a way that you can keep you hands on the keyboard by using special shortcuts. This allows for faster data entry, which can save time (and therefore money) in the long run.

From Boring Accountant to Dynamic Accounting Artist

The accountant is widely considered to be a human computer without a personality. They often the target of vicious jokes in publications, e-mails and discussions. Accounting students at colleges are for the most part considered a “nerdy class”.
Many people consider a career in accounting , for the financial rewards, not the career itself.

The rigorous studying and training could have something to do with this “boring” perception. But also the conservative clubs and societies that accountants are compelled to belong to. A host of laws governing the profession removes the accountant at times, from reality.

After the collusion in fraud at Enron, WorldCom and other corporate failures, the word “crook”, also comes to mind. So the accountant might be sought after for his number crunching and tax skills. But in the minds of most people, businesses and the man on the street, alike, they are not respected.

Accounting degrees vary, but very few of them include proper communication skills in their courses. A common critique of accountants is that they cannot convey the highly technical accounting information to the laymen. The users of accounting information incur high fees to make critical decisions about their businesses and organizations.

A stiff culture permeates many accounting firms, regimented by practice rules, accounting standards and even government ordinances. Accountants complain about “compliance” issues, but are oblivious to the fact that their inputs, at tax workshops, contributed to all these laws, which they claim to detest.

Some salient points need to be addressed beyond the funny nerdy images of accountants.
They are:
· Greed, very high fees for a simple report or short consultation.
· Lack of communication skills (common perception)
· Critical of fellow professionals
· Low quality work (for high fees)

With so many clients at some firms, accountants are pushing through poorly prepared financial reports. This also ties into the greed, raking in as much hours/fees as possible. No wonder, accountants are seen as the scum of the earth.

The Accounting Artist: An artist loves what he does, whether he gets paid or not. If the accountant views every report or assignment as a “work of art”, that requires diligent time and attention. Or better still, he sees his assignment, as a creative process, fewer reports would be returned for correction or clarification.
By creating professional files for every client, and preparing “working papers” for every assignment, not- just- audits, the accountant will enjoy his assignments more.
Building blocks and safeguards are also put in place, since every relevant detail, from the clients phone number to his banks statement are placed on file. Lead schedules connecting information to accounts are clearly referenced. After all the notes are concluded, a financial statement, cash flow forecast or business plan is produced. Just like a Picasso produced a painting. Accountants should shy away from auditing/ working paper software. Retain the manual process. Painters don’t use software. Other software tools such as spreadsheets, is imperative. But accountants rush through some reports, (using auditing software) after years of repeating the cycle; they get bored, and also become boring in the process.

Fewer, but high profile assignments can be taken on. A client would not hesitate to pay a higher fee, for a quality report.
The accounting artist using all the tools at his disposal , will not produce fraudulent financial statements.

About the Author:

Sean Goss
Accounting advice on our website:

www.sgafc.co.za

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Careers and Prospects in Accounting and Finance

Do you enjoy the challenge of working with numbers on a daily basis? Then an accounting finance career is right for you. With the tools that were taught in school, you will be able to help a company or a business run efficiently.

What is a CPA - CPA is the statutory title of qualified accountants who have passed the Uniform Certified Public Accountant Examination and have met additional state education and experience requirements for certification as a CPA.

Primary Function of a CPA - CPA can attest to the validity of financial information. This means that they can audit financial statements and report on whether they are accurate or not. Certified Public Accountant (CPA) are licensed by law.A CPA attest to the reasonableness of disclosures, the freedom from material misstatement, and the adherence to the applicable generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in financial statements.

Career Opportunities in Accounting and Finance - Career opportunities in accounting and finance are endless. You can earn a degree in accounting and become a general accountant, but this is just one of the options you can follow. Some of things that you can get into include actuaries, auditing, banking, chartered accounting, corporate finance, corporate recovery, stock broking and taxation management. There are also specialist areas you can pursue, such as auditing, management policy and taxation.

If you have either a CPA or CA license with you, it is possible for you to work for a large firm that has offices both here and abroad. Given that every company needs ones, it will not be that hard to find a job.

Career Prospects - One report shows that employments prospects for these professionals is quite high over the past 5 years and this is expected to continue until after 2010. You will also be handsomely rewarded with a good salary but long hours come with the territory especially when companies and individuals have to file their income taxes and towards the end of the financial year.

Average Annual Income - Just to give you an idea, newly grades who work in banks earn an average of $35,000 to $50,000 annually, while financial managers earn almost double that amount. Professionals who soon become partners for the bigger firms earn more than $100,000.

Career Development - In order for you to get a higher position, you will also need to go back to school. Most financial experts pursue an MBA after a few years in the corporate world. While some return to their employers, others apply elsewhere.

Before you can see yourself up there, you have to work from the bottom going up. While some decide to make it big in Wall Street, you too can also succeed wherever you decide to apply.

Market Research - The first thing to do is conduct some research. This will make you understand how things work and how news in business affects the industry, the country and the world as a whole.

Networking -If you want to get the job, aside from being knowledgeable, you need to have connections that are already there so you are given the position instead of someone else. This means building your network from school and then using it to your advantage. Associating yourself with those who have done well may give you pointers so you too can be just as successful as them.

Start Early - But you shouldn't wait until graduate before you start looking at the various career opportunities in accounting and finance. The best way to get your foot in the door is to apply for a summer position or an internship because most companies hire those who have worked with them for a short period of time compared to those that sent in their resumes. Believe me; you already have an edge right there as you already have an idea about the internal workings of the company.

Prepare Your Resume - Just in case the company you worked for does not have an opening right now, you should prepare your resume and yourself for interviews with other companies that do similar activities with what you used to do during your internship.

The average professional who works in either accounting or finance leaves after 2 years. They may apply for reassignment to another department or find employment doing something else. When this happens, there are job openings around for fresh graduates as well as those who already have experience in this industry.

Indeed, there are career opportunities in accounting and finance. You just have to build your network and get it.

About the Author:

Paul Hata is active in various social and community programs aimed at providing equal access to education,health and jobs to all.Paul has over 10 years experience in managing a multi-million dollar advertising company.Paul can be reached at - TradePlanets.com

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The Top 10 Beliefs Stopping You from a Career Change that you are Passionate About!

1. I don't trust myself to choose the RIGHT business or career.The fear of making the wrong choice can freeze you into inaction. So often we put a lot of pressure on ourselves to have THIS career choice be the perfect one. Give yourself a break! If you are following your heart and your passions this career choice, even if it is not the "perfect" one, will put you on the path to a career you love.2. I don't know enough."If I only knew more I would be ready to move to that next career or start my own business." It is easy to spend the rest of our lives researching, learning and NOT doing. Do you want to know how to learn the fastest? Learn in action! It's not always pretty but it gets the job done. You will never know enough until you jump into that new career or business.3. I can't make enough money doing what I love.First of all saying the word "can't" shuts down all creativity and makes that statement come true. Instead ask yourself, "What are some ideas that will turn what I love into money streams? Remember you can have several streams of income. It doesn't all have to come from one place. Sit down with a positive friend and brainstorm all the ways you can make money from what you love. 4. Changing careers is too hard.Staying at a career you hate is too hard!! Sure any change takes some focus and action but when you are moving towards your dreams it is worth it. Break it down. Take it one step at a time and soon you will be there.5. I'm to old to make a career change.I remember reading about a women who had always dreamed about being a doctor. She entered medical school at the age of 60. Often people would say to her, "Do you know how old you will be when you finish?" Her answer always was, "I'll be in my 70's anyway. I would rather be a doctor when I am 70 then just be 70." It is never too late to make a career change or start a business that brings you joy.6. I am not good at marketing and promoting so I can't start my own business.Most people do not start out being excellent at marketing themselves or their business. Don't let that stop you! There are plenty of books and classes that will teach you how. Find one that fits your personality. Also consider partnering with someone who is great at marketing and let them do it for you in exchange for a piece of the action.7. I don't have enough confidence to change careers or start a new business.Be willing to take baby steps. With each action your confidence will build. If your lack of confidence is keeping you from even taking a baby step find a Life Coach to work with you on building that confidence. Change the beliefs about yourself that are holding you back and you will take steps you never thought possible!8. I should just be happy where I am.Whenever I hear a "should" I know that compromise is nearby! It is important to follow your intuition and inner guidance. Being unhappy in a career is often a red flag from your wise self saying

, "Listen up! It is time to head a different direction."9. I don't want to do anything forever.This is a common theme from a true idea person. This type of person has so many great ideas that it is hard to stick with just one. The key to success is picking one idea and growing it into a successful career or business then and only then is it time to move to the next great idea. You don't have to stick with it forever!10. All the good opportunities are gone.You don't have to be the first one to do something! Most successful businesses and careers are built by modeling what others have already done well. There are always fabulous opportunities if you are willing to open your eyes and see.

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Author:

Leanna Fredrich helps people discover their passion and build a business or career around it. She specializes in helping people get over their fears and limiting beliefs quickly and easily so they can create their dreams. Are you ready to enjoy a career you love? Get the FREE report "The Top Ten Secrets to Discover Your Passion-filled Work." For your free report go to http://www.LeannaFredrich.com